pessimism

Personality Psychology
Investigations in optimism, pessimism, and depression.
Irrational Beliefs, Optimism, Pessimism, and Psychological Distress: A Preliminary Examination of Differential Effects in a College Population
The present study compared the effects of irrational beliefs measured by the Survey of Personal Beliefs and optimism and pessimism as measured by the revised Life Orientation Test on depressive and anxious symptoms 6 weeks later.
Edward C. Chang, Will Bridewell
PDF Cite DOI
Irrational Beliefs, Optimism, Pessimism, and Psychological Distress
Chang, E.C., & Bridewell, W.B. (1997). Irrational beliefs, optimism, pessimism, and psychological distress. Interactive poster session presented at the 1st Regional Congress of Psychology for Professionals in the Americas. Mexico City, Mexico.
Edward C. Chang, Will Bridewell